OBJECTIVES: Gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) is an active combination in the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer. We have prospectively analyzed the efficacy and tolerability of GC as neoadjuvant treatment of invasive bladder cancer MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single-institution phase II trial, patients with muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma received three cycles of gemcitabine 1200 mg/m² on days 1 and 8 with cisplatin 75 mg/m² on day 1 prior to surgery. Radiologic response was evaluated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were referred to surgery after chemotherapy completion RESULTS: Between June 2002 and March 2005, 22 patients (19 males) were enrolled. Median age was 63 years. Initial stage was II (T2) in 11 and III (T3-4) in 11 patients. Median follow-up is 26 months (4-43). Partial or complete radiologic response rate was documented in 13 out of 20 assessable patients (70%). One patient was excluded due to sarcomatoid carcinoma at definitive pathologic examination. Cystectomy was performed in 15 patients and pelvic radiotherapy in four patients. Nine out of 21 patients (43%) relapsed and four (19%) died due to disease progression. Complete pathologic response was observed in four patients (26.7% of 15). Median progression-free survival was 27 months (CI 95% not reached) with median overall survival of 36 months (CI 95%: 28.7 - 43.3). Grade III/IV toxicity was infrequent, with no deaths due to chemotherapy CONCLUSIONS: The combination of GC is effective and well-tolerated when used as neoadjuvant therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate its impact on the overall survival of these patients.

OBJETIVO: Comparar dados de espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética com clínicos e propor um estadiamento espectroscópico da doença de Alzheimer (DA). MÉTODO: Sujeitos (n=46), normais (12) e com DA (34), emparelhados por idade (CDR0-CDR3); diagnóstico de DA de acordo com os critérios DSM-IV/NINCDS-ADRDA; ¹H-MRS com Signa Horizon LX-GE, 1.5T; voxel único em região hipocampal/RHC e área posterior do cíngulo/APC. RESULTADOS: Redução estatisticamente significativa (p<0.01) apenas de Naa/Cr - na RHC entre CDR0, CDR1+CDR2 e CDR3, e na APC entre CDR0 e CDR1+CDR2 em relação a CDR3. CONCLUSÃO: A RHC é a primeira a apresentar redução de Naa (CDR1). A APC é acometida mais tardiamente (CDR3). Esses valores declinam progressivamente de acordo com os estágios de gravidade. Considerando as disparidades entre a RHC e a APC é possível sugerir um estadiamento espectroscópico (metabólico) (MS) da DA como segue: MS0 (~CDR0)=RHC e APC ambos normais, MS1-2 (~CDR1-2)=RHC anormal e APC normal e MS3 (~CDR3)=RHC e APC ambos anormais. Esses resultados permitem um diagnóstico precoce, o seguimento do processo degenerativo ao longo da evolução e sugerir um estadiamento espectroscópico relacionado aos estágios clínicos da DA.

OBJECTIVE: To compare magnetic resonance proton spectroscopic with clinical data and to propose a spectroscopic staging of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Subjects (n=46), normals (12) and with AD (34), paired to age (CDR0-CDR3); AD diagnosis according to DSM-IV/NINCDS-ADRDA criteria; ¹H-MRS with Signa Horizon LX-GE, 1.5T; single voxel at hippocampal region/HCR and posterior cingulate area/PCA. RESULTS: Statistically significant decrease (p<0.01) only of Naa/Cr - at HCR among the CDR0, CDR1+CDR2, and CDR3, and at PCA between CDR0 and CDR1+CDR2 in relation to CDR3. CONCLUSION: The HCR is the first to show Naa reduction (CDR1). The PCA suffers later (CDR3). These values decline progressively according to the severity stages. Considering the disparities between the HCR and PCA it is possible to suggest a spectroscopic (metabolite) staging (MS) of AD, as follows: MS0 (~CDR0)=both normal HCR and PCA, MS1-2 (~CDR1-2)=abnormal HCR and normal PCA, and MS3 (~CDR3)=both abnormal HCR and PCA. These results make possible the early diagnosis, to follow the degenerative process throughout the course, and to suggest a spectroscopic staging related to the clinical stages of AD.

OBJETIVOS: Obtenção de dados do espectro de metabolitos por ressonância magnética da formação hipocampal no idoso normal e com doença de Alzheimer (DA). MÉTODO: Os indivíduos foram pareados por idade, sendo 20 na amostra normal, CDR=0 e 40 com DA 3 CDR=1 e 2. Utilizou-se aparelho Signa Horizon LX-GE, 1.5T, ¹H-ERM com aplicativo automatizado PROBE/SV, VOI: hc (direito e esquerdo); voxel único (2x2x2cm); TR 1500ms/TE 50ms; PRESS; metabolitos: N-acetilaspartato (Naa), colina (Cho), creatina (Cr), mio-inositol (mI). RESULTADOS: Os presentes dados se referem aos quocientes de Naa, Cho e mI, com Cr tomada como referência e relação mI/Naa. O estudo mostrou o Naa reduzido, o mI e a relação mI/Naa aumentados e os resultados em relação à Cho foram variados. Os resultados da amostra global dos pacientes com DA em comparação à média ± dp da amostra normal foram significativos para Naa, mI e mI/Naa (p<0,01). A precisão, tomando os valores de modo individual das duas amostras, mostrou sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo satisfatórios. CONCLUSÃO: Os presentes resultados podem ser usados como ferramenta útil para detectar alterações patológicas no hipocampo de pacientes com DA, permitindo diagnóstico de maior precisão e mais precoce da doença.

OBJECTIVE: Acquisition of data of magnetic resonance metabolite spectrum of the hippocampal formation (hippocampus-hc) in the elderly, normal and with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Subjects matched for age: a. normal sample (n=20), CDR=0, and b. AD sample (n=40), CDR 1 and 2. Technique: Signa Horizon LX-GE, 1.5T, ¹H-MRS with automated software PROBE/SV, VOI: hc (right and left); single voxel (2x2x2cm); TR 1500ms/TE 50ms; PRESS; metabolites: N-acetylaspartate (Naa), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (mI). RESULTS: The present data relate to the ratios of Naa, Cho and mI, with Cr taken as reference, and the mI/Naa ratio. The study showed reduction of Naa, increase of mI and of the mI/Naa ratio, and not consistent results for Cho. The results of the whole sample of AD patients compared to the pooled normal mean ± sd were significant for Naa, mI and mI/Naa (p<0.01). Accuracy in relation to the individual values of both samples showed satisfactory levels of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. CONCLUSION: The present results can be used as a helpful tool to detect pathologic changes of the hippocampus in AD, and allowing greater accuracy and an earlier diagnosis of this disease.